How to configure VLAN

VLAN Configuration short note (example for cisco):

Step 1: Router Configuration:

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit        >> just enable this interface

Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0.10  >> create virtual interface associate with vlan number or as requirement

Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10 >> encapsulate interface associate with vlan number

Router(config-subif)#ip address 172.168.110.1 255.255.255.0  >> configure IP address

Note : Create virtual interface for each vlan as your requirement as above.

Step 2: Configure VTP Server, Transparent, and Client mode:

Three type of VTP mode, Server, Client, Transparent.

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#vtp mode server/client/transparent  >> Depend on your requirement 

Switch(config)#vtp domain aiub                               >> Use your own domain

Switch(config)#vtp password cisco                           >> Use your own password

If you need to configure VTP Transparent mode, so you have to define vlan name or number in transparent switch, which VLAN are directly connected with transparent switch. Example:  Switch(config)#vlan 10 or Switch(config-vlan)#name admin. If you configure switch as vtp client, you not need to configure anything.

Step 3: Create VLAN:

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#vlan 10

Switch(config-vlan)#name admin

Switch(config-vlan)#exit

Switch(config)#vlan 20

Switch(config-vlan)#name account

Switch(config-vlan)#exit

Switch(config)#vlan 30

Switch(config-vlan)#name wireless

Switch(config-vlan)#exit

Create vlan as your requirement from 2 to 1001. Another important thing is 5 fixed vlan already configured in any cisco switch. Example: 1 default, 1002 fddi-default, 1003 token-ring-default, 1004 fddinet-default and 1005 trnet-default.

Step 4: Configure Switch Port:

Two type of switch port in vlan, trunk (carry multiple vlan trafic ) and access ( end user ) port.

Trunk Port:

Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1   >> single interface

Switch(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1, fastEthernet 0/10, fastEthernet 0/20 >> range of interface you can configure at a time

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk 

Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk native vlan 10  >> If vlan 10 or admin is native vlan or as your requirement. Native vlan use for administrator season

Access port:

Switch#configure terminal  (same to another port as your requirement)

Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3                  >> direct connected to end user

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access                 >> Configure port as access port

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20              >> Assign port to specific VLAN

Access Port with Voice VLAN (IP Phone):  (If you need to configure Voice VLAN in your network)

Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/4
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport voice vlan 1

Note: By default Voice configured as default VLAN. But you can change VLAN as your requirement. Another thing you need to configure DHCP pool for your Voice VLAN. Example bellow:

Switch#configure terminal
Router(config)#ip dhcp pool voice      >> Create a dhcp pool, name voice or as your need
Router(dhcp-config)#network 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 >> mention which network participate
Router(dhcp-config)#default-router 172.16.20.1 >> Getway of this network

Step 5. DHCP Configuration in Router:

If you want to configure DHCP in your VLAN network, so flow those steps as your requirement.

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#ip dhcp pool wireless   >> Create a dhcp pool, name wireless

Router(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.130.0 255.255.255.0 >> mention which network participate

Router(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.130.1 >> Getway of this network

Router(dhcp-config)#dns-server 200.200.200.2       >> if you have DNS address

Router(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.130.2  >> single IP address fix, like printer, server or any purpose

Router(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.130.3 192.168.130.10 >> Range of IP address (low IP to high IP),  as your requirement. 

Important VLAN Command:

Switch#show vtp status                 >> VTP domain status

Switch#show vlan brief                >> VTP all VLAN status in brief
Router#show vlan-switch brief     >>(Router command) VTP all VLAN status in brief

Switch#show vlan id                     >> VTP VLAN status by VLAN id
Router#show vlan-switch id         >> (Router command) VTP VLAN status by VLAN id

Switch#show vlan name account  >> VTP VLAN status by VLAN name

Switch#show interfaces trunk       >> Show interface trunk information

Switch#show interfaces vlan 30    >> show access interface

Switch#show spanning-tree vlan 10 

Switch#show mac-address-table

Switch#show cdp neighbors    >> Only for Cisco device

Switch#show cdp neighbors detail   >> Only for Cisco device

Deleting VLAN Database: By Default VLAN Database save in Flash memory as (vlan.dat). Is not store in running config...


Switch#show flash:  >> To show vlan Database
Switch(config)#no vlan 20  >> to Delete single VLAN from VLAN DB
Switch(config)#no vtp mode  >>  delete vtp mode  (If have)

Switch#write erase  OR Switch#erase startup-config  >> To erase Start-up Config then
Switch#delete flash:vlan.dat OR Switch#delete vlan.dat  >> to delete vlan.dat file
Switch#reload   >> reload or Power OFF then ON.